| 1. | The objects of the examination of the second trial court cover both facts and application of law clauses
3 、从民事诉讼的审理对象来看四级两审终审制的内在机理紊乱：目前的第二审既是事实审有是法律审。 |
| 2. | Each state has its own system of courts , composed of civil and criminal trial courts , sometimes intermediate courts of appeal , and a state supreme court
每个州都有自己的法院体系，由民事和形式初审法院组成，有时还包括上诉法院和州最高法院。 |
| 3. | The trial judge renders his decisions at the people ' s level . it is in the trial courts that the law is made alive and its words are given meaning
一审法官是在直接与人民接触的最基层作出判决的。正是在一审法庭，法律被赋于生命，法律条文有了意义。 |
| 4. | Both of them apply the trial structure of 3 - trial verdict . the 3 tries are performed by first trial court , appeal court , and final trial court and the courts take different functions . 2
2 、针对不同的案件实行多元化的审级制度:普通案件实行有条件的三审终审，第三审为法律审、书面审 |
| 5. | State systems are made up of a supreme court ( sometimes with a different name ) , usually an intermediate appellate court , and a series of lower courts or trial courts , sometimes including specialized courts
州司法体系由如下组成：一个最高法院（有时名称不同） ，通常是一个中级上诉法院，及一系列低等法院或审判法院，有时还包括专门法院。 |
| 6. | Labor lawsuit is in - dependent in arbitration , sets up labor trial court in ordinary counts , establishes the labor lawsuit special procedure in formulating labor dispute processing law in china
其基本制度内涵是“或裁或审” ，劳动诉讼独立于仲裁；在普通法院内部设立劳动审判庭；在我国正在制定的《劳动争议处理法》中确立劳动诉讼特别程序。 |
| 7. | The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts ( district courts ) serving relatively small geographic regions , circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region and the supreme court of the united states
联邦法院体系则包括：一系列面向相对较小的地区的初审法院（称为地方法院） ，巡回法院? ?审理来自众多位于特定地区的地方法院的上诉案件，和联邦最高法院。 |
| 8. | Therefore , appear is allowed for victims as to safeguard their own interests . through a trial court judge to advocate for their own purpose of safeguarding its own interests is particularly necessary to give victims the right to appeal is a pressing need to address the issue
因此,允许被害人为维护自身利益提出上诉要求,通过二审法院对自己的主张作出评判达到维护自身利益的目的就显得尤为必要,赋予被害人上诉权是个亟待解决的迫切问题。 |
| 9. | Thirdly , six aspects of reconstructing hypotheses concerning the civil lawsuit attached to criminal lawsuit are put forward : to set indictment time limit between the date in which the procuratorial organization determines its public prosecution and the end of the first trial court ' s investigation on criminal cases ; to abolish the procuratorial organizati on ' s indictment power to attached to criminal lawsuit should be tried simultaneously with the criminal lawsuit ; to establish the rule of " criminal and civil dead " ; the regulate that the attached civil lawsuit should pay litigation casts ; to establish the national compensation principle of criminal victim
三是刑事附带民事诉讼程序的重构内容，提出了六个方面的重构设想:起诉时限限定在检察机关决定公诉之日起至刑事案件一审法庭调查结束止、取消检察机关的附带民事诉讼起诉权、规定刑事附带民事诉讼只能一并审判、确立“刑民交易”规则、附带民事案件应当交纳诉讼费、确立刑事被害人国家补偿原则等。 |
| 10. | However , 4 tiers of courts in our country can perform the fires - trial function . the intermediate court , which should have been the fires - trial court of common cases , has become the appeal court and final verdict court and thus has arrogated tights of the high level court and the highest court
我国法院系统的四级法院都履行着初审法院的职能，本应作为普通案件初审法院的中级法院便成了普通案件的上诉法院和终审法院，代行了本应由高级法院和最高法院行使的职权。 |
